Pennyroyal Essential Oil as a Green Pesticide for Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) Management and its Effects on Substrate Quality and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29356/jmcs.v67i2.1875

Keywords:

Mentha pulegium, Tribolium castaneum, fumigant toxicity, essential oil, acetylcholinesterase

Abstract

Abstract. Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) is the most damaging beetle species destroying stored products. Their management are difficult because they are developing resistance to insecticide. Essential oil application as bio-pesticide is receiving renewed attention. Pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium L.) is a relevant crop in the production of EO. The insecticidal effect of Tunisian pennyroyal EO were investigated against T. castaneum adults on wheat flour substrate under different occupation space conditions after 30 and 60 days of storage. EO impacts on wheat flour quality, volatile compounds retained by the treated substrate and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity were examined. GC/MS analysis showed that EO major compounds was pulegone (39.15 %). Insect mortality was assessed when EO was applied at 196 µL/L air to the stored wheat flour at 50 % or 100 % container capacity. A highest mortality occurred at 50 % container capacity, with means at 32.8 % and 72.2 % after storing for 30 and 60 days, respectively. Volatile compounds retained by the treated wheat flour were characterized via Headspace analysis. Results underlined that long time of storage (mainly 60 days) allowed the retention of significant amounts of menthone. EO substrate treatment changed flour moisture and protein content. EO exhibited insecticidal activity via inhibiting acetylcholinesterase activity.

 

Resumen. Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera: Tenebroideae) es la especie de escarabajo más dañina que destruye productos almacenados. Su manejo es difícil debido al desarrollo de resistencia a insecticidas. La aplicación de aceites esenciales (AE´s) como bio-pesticidas está recibiendo atención renovada. El poleo (Mentha pulegium L.) es un cultivo relevante en la producción de AE. El efecto insecticida del aceite esencial de poleo Tunecino fue investigado contra adultos de T. castaneum mantenidos en sustrato de harina de trigo bajo diferentes condiciones de espacio después de 30 y 60 días de almacenamiento. El AE impacta sobre la calidad de la harina de trigo, se evaluaron los compuestos volátiles retenidos en el sustrato tratado y la actividad de acetilcolinesterasa (ACE). El análisis por CG/EM mostró que el compuesto mayoritario en el AE fue la pulegona (39.15 %). La mortalidad de los insectos fue evaluada cuando el AE fue aplicado a 196 mL/L de aire a harina de trigo almacenada a un 50 % y 100 % de la capacidad del contenedor. La mortalidad más alta ocurrió en el contenedor a un 50 % de capacidad, con promedios de 32 % y 72.7 % después de 30 y 60 días de almacenamiento, respectivamente. Los compuestos volátiles retenidos por la harina de trigo fueron caracterizados mediante un análisis por espacio de cabeza (Headspace). Los resultados resaltaron que un tiempo largo de almacenamiento (principalmente 60 días) permite la retención de cantidades significativas de metona. El tratamiento del sustrato con AE cambió la humedad y el contenido de proteína de la harina. El AE mostró actividad insecticida por inhibición de la actividad de la enzima acetilcolinesterasa.

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Author Biographies

Olfa Bachrouch, University of Carthage

Laboratory of Plant Protection

Youkabed Zarroug, University of Carthage

Field Crops Laboratory

Soumaya Bourgou, Biotechnology Center in Borj-Cedria Technopole

Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants

Kamel Charradi, Biotechnology Center in Borj-Cedria

Laboratory of Bioactive Substances

Jazia Sriti, Biotechnology Center in Borj-Cedria

Laboratory of Bioactive Substances

Kamel Msaada, Biotechnology enter in Borj Ceria

Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants

Slim Jallouli, Biotechnology Center in Borj-Cedria

Laboratory of Bioactive Substances

Kabas Chaibi, University of Carthage

Laboratory of Plant Protection

Soumaya Haouel Hamdi, National Agricultural Research Institute of Tunisia (INRAT)

Laboratory of Biotechnology Applied to Agriculture, University of Carthage

Manef Abderraba, University of Carthage

Materials, Molecules and Applications Laboratory

Jouda Médiouni Ben Jemâa, National Agricultural Research Institute of Tunisia (INRAT)

Laboratory of Biotechnology Applied to Agriculture, University of Carthage

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2023-04-01

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