Microstructures of Binary Oxides with an Inverse Opal Structure Used as Photoelectrodes for Water Splitting
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29356/jmcs.v67i4.1998Keywords:
Inverse opal, water splitting, template, hematite, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, copper (I) oxide, nickel sulfide, nickel oxide, photoelectrodeAbstract
Recently, the weather has experienced changes and these have affected our life style. Fossil fuels used by the human have contributed to climate change and today it is impossible to modify. Researchers have studied different kind of fuels that could use daily. Currently, hydrogen, from water splitting, is the best way to substitute the fossil fuels because water is present around the World. In photoelectrochemistry, the electrodes have a great importance. Behaviour of each semiconductor as TiO2, Fe2O3, NiO, CuO, NiS, ZnO, Cu2O, etc., give us individual efficiency respect to solar light. Also, the semiconductor chosen, type of crystallinity and superficial area are important points for achieve high in efficiency. This review shows that inverse opal has a greater contact compared to rod, cauliflower, nanotubes, etc. Different ways to deposit the polystyrene allows us gain more contact area and better photoelectrode efficiency. The main routes used to obtain binary oxides deposits, as electrophoretic, spin coating, vertical submersion, etc., help us to control polystyrene arrangement and obtain a uniform template. These techniques are discussed along this contribution.
Resumen. Recientemente, el clima ha experimentado cambios que han afectado a nuestro estilo de vida. Los combustibles fósiles utilizados por el ser humano han contribuido al cambio climático y hoy es imposible modificarlo. Los investigadores estudian diferentes tipos de combustibles que podrían utilizarse diaria y actualmente, el hidrógeno, a partir de la ruptura de la molécula de agua, es la mejor manera de sustituir los combustibles fósiles porque el agua está presente en todo el mundo. En fotoelectroquímica, los electrodos tienen una gran importancia. El comportamiento de cada semiconductor como TiO2, Fe2O3, NiO, CuO, NiS, ZnO, Cu2O, etc., tiene cada uno una eficiencia individual respecto a la luz solar que reciben. Además, del semiconductor elegido, el tipo de cristalinidad y el área superficial de este son puntos determinantes para alcanzar un alto grado de eficiencia. La presente revisión muestra que el ópalo inverso tiene un mayor contacto y eficiencia en comparación con las varillas, la coliflor, los nanotubos, etc. Diferentes formas de depositar el poliestireno como molde nos permiten obtener mayor área de contacto y mejor eficiencia del fotoelectrodo semiconductor. Las principales vías utilizadas para obtener depósitos de óxidos binarios, como electroforesis vertical, etc., nos ayudan a controlar la disposición del poliestireno y obtener una capa uniforme. Estas técnicas se discuten a lo largo de esta contribución.
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