¹H NMR-based Chemical Profiling of Retail Samples of Peumus boldus (Boldo) Leaves
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29356/jmcs.v69i3.2336Keywords:
1H NMR, Peumus boldus M., aqueous extract, chemical profiling, multivariate analysis, HRMS-ESI, boldineAbstract
Abstract. Aqueous extracts of seven commercial samples of boldo leaves (Peumus boldus) were subjected to 1H NMR analysis to elucidate their chemical profiling. The ground leaves were extracted with ultrasound using water as a solvent at 60 °C for 15 min. The resulting extracts were then analyzed using 1H NMR spectroscopy, unveiling the presence of seven amino acids (alanine, asparagine, glutamine, phenylalanine, proline, tyrosine, and valine), three sugars (α- and β-glucose, fructose, and sucrose), and seven short-chain carboxylic acids (acetic, citric, formic, glyceric, malic, malonic, and succinic acids). Through multivariate statistical analysis of the gathered 1H NMR data, including PCA and OPLS-DA, a consistent chemical profile emerged across the examined samples. Variations were mainly due to differences in the relative concentrations of the mentioned metabolites. In addition, High Resolution Mass Spectrometry-ESI (HRMS-ESI) confirmed the presence of boldine in all samples tested, aiding in the authentication of boldo samples. Additionally, the major alkaloid N-methyllaurotetanine, a typical component of boldo leaves, was also identified.
Resumen. Los extractos acuosos de siete muestras comerciales de hojas de boldo (Peumus boldus) se sometieron a análisis de RMN 1H para dilucidar su perfil químico. Las hojas molidas se extrajeron por ultrasonido utilizando agua como disolvente a 60°C durante 15 minutos. Los extractos resultantes se sometieron a análisis por RMN 1H, revelando la presencia de siete aminoácidos (alanina, asparagina, glutamina, fenilalanina, prolina, tirosina y valina), tres azúcares (α y β-glucosa, fructosa y sacarosa) y siete ácidos carboxílicos de cadena corta (acético, cítrico, glicérico, málico, malónico y succínico). Mediante el análisis estadístico multivariante de los datos de RMN 1H reunidos, incluyendo PCA y OPLS-DA, se observó un perfil químico coherente en todas las muestras examinadas. Las variaciones se debieron principalmente a diferencias en las concentraciones relativas de los metabolitos mencionados. Además, la espectrometría de masas de alta resolución-ESI (HRMS-ESI) confirmó la presencia de boldina en todas las muestras analizadas, ayudando a la autenticación de las muestras de boldo. También se identificó el alcaloide principal N-metillaurotetanina, un componente típico de las hojas de boldo.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Estefanía de Jesús Terán-Sánchez, Yair Cruz-Narvaez, Erick A. Herrera-Jurado, Mabel M. Montenegro-Sustaita, Elvia Becerra-Martínez, L. Gerardo Zepeda-Vallejo
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