Hybrid functionalized phosphonate silica: insight into chromium removal chemistry from aqueous solutions

Authors

  • Pedro Iván Hernández-Velázquez Universidad de Guadalajara
  • José A. Gutiérrez-Ortega Universidad de Guadalajara
  • Gregorio Guadalupe Carbajal-Arizaga Universidad de Guadalajara
  • Ricardo Manríquez-Gonzalez Universidad de Guadalajara
  • Wencel De la Cruz-Hernández Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico
  • Sergio Gomez-Salazar Universidad de Guadalajara

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29356/jmcs.v63i2.793

Keywords:

amorphous silica, sol-gel process, Cr(III) ions, NMR, XPS

Abstract

Abstract. Insight into Cr(III) ions removal chemistry from aqueous solutions was gained by using hybrid phosphonate-functionalized silica adsorbents synthesized through a modified route of sol-gel processing (SPMF). Evaluation of the degree of metal removal was obtained from kinetics and batch experiments. Elemental analysis, FTIR, NMR and XPS techniques were used to study the nature of surface complex formed on adsorbent. Adsorption equilibrium results showed a maximum Cr(III) removal of 78.639 mg g-1Cr(III) at pH 3.6 on adsorbent SPMF04; kinetics measurements indicated that equilibrium was reached in 80 min contact time. The achievement of 2.923 mmol P/g as phosphonate groups was obtained. A Langmuir-type mechanism explained the adsorption equilibrium results whereas kinetic measurements were explained through a pseudo-second order mechanism. FTIR measurements indicated a strong influence of Cr(III) adsorbed on surficial functional groups.  29Si CP MAS NMR results indicated that Cr(III) interacted not only with phosphonate surface groups but also with a large of amount of geminal OH surface groups. XPS studies suggested that Cr(III) was removed through the formation of the surface complex R as monovalent chromium acetate and/or divalent. The adsorbent SPMF04 can be potentially employed in industrial applications.                                         

Resumen. Información sobre la química de remoción de Cr(III) de soluciones acuosas fue obtenida usando adsorbentes de sílice hibrida funcionalizada con fosfonato sintetizados a través de una ruta modificada del proceso sol-gel (SPMF). La evaluación del grado de remoción de metal fue obtenida a partir de experimentos de cinética y por lotes. Técnicas de análisis elemental, FTIR, NMR y XPS fueron usadas para estudiar la naturaleza del complejo de superficie formado sobre el adsorbente. Los resultados del equilibrio de adsorción mostraron una remoción máxima de Cr(III) de 78.639 mg g-1 Cr(III) a pH 3.6 sobre el adsorbente SPMF04; las mediciones cinéticas indicaron que el equilibrio fue alcanzado en 80 min de tiempo de contacto. El logro de 2.923 mmol P/g como grupos fosfonato fue obtenido. Un mecanismo tipo Langmuir explicó los resultados del equilibrio de adsorción mientras que las mediciones cinéticas fueron explicadas a través de un mecanismo de pseudo-segundo orden.  Los resultados de 29Si CP MAS NMR indicaron que Cr (III) interactuó no solamente con grupos fosfonato de superficie sino también con una gran cantidad de grupos OH de superficie geminales. Los estudios de XPS sugirieron que Cr(III) fue removido a través de la formación del complejo de superficie R como acetato de cromo monovalente y/o divalente. El adsorbente SPMF04 puede ser potencialmente empleado en aplicaciones industriales.

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Author Biographies

Pedro Iván Hernández-Velázquez, Universidad de Guadalajara

Department of Chemistry, Student

José A. Gutiérrez-Ortega, Universidad de Guadalajara

Department of Chemsitry, Student

Gregorio Guadalupe Carbajal-Arizaga, Universidad de Guadalajara

Department of Chemistry, Professor

Ricardo Manríquez-Gonzalez, Universidad de Guadalajara

Departamento de Madera Celulosa y Papel

Wencel De la Cruz-Hernández, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico

Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Professor

Sergio Gomez-Salazar, Universidad de Guadalajara

Chemical Engineering Dept. Professor.

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2019-06-12

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