Car Wash Wastewater Treatment Using an Advanced Oxidation Process: A Rapid Technique for the COD Reduction of Water Pollutant Sources
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29356/jmcs.v63i4.786Keywords:
Car wash wastewater, electro-fenton, optimization, water qualityAbstract
In this paper, a car wash wastewater (CW) was treated by an economic and eco-friendly method called electro-Fenton (EF) technique. The experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of five important variables including reaction time, current density, pH, H2O2/Fe2+ molar ratio and H2O2/Car wash wastewater (mL/L) on the quality characteristics of wastewater such as COD, BOD5, TOC, TSS, heavy metals, EC, surfactants and hardness. By applying Box-Behnken design (BBD) and response surface methodology (RSM), the optimum operating conditions were obtained. The optimum conditions for COD [as a main factor in a wastewater (according to the environmental protocols)] removal of 68.72% were experimentally found at reaction time of 75.80 min, current density of 58.81 mA/cm2, pH of 3.02, volume ratio of H2O2/CW of 1.62 mL/L, H2O2/Fe2+ molar ratio of 3.66.
Downloads
References
Distefano, T.; Kelly, S. Ecological Economics 2017, 142, 130-147. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.06.019
Zhan, Y.; Wan, X.: He, S.: Yang, Q.; He, Y. Chemical Engineering Journal 2018, 333, 132-145. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2017.09.147
Panizza, M.; Cerisola, G. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 2010, 638, 28-32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2009.10.025
Kim, S.; Chu, K.H.; Al-Hamadani, Y.A.J.; Park, C.M.; Jang, M.; Kim, D-H.; Yu, M.; Heo, J.; Yoon, Y. Chemical Engineering Journal 2018, 335, 896-914. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2017.11.044
Zietzschmann, F.; Stützer, C.; Jekel, M.; Water Research 2016, 92, 180-187. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2016.01.056
Zietzschmann, F.; Altmann, J.; Hannemann, C.; Jekel, M. Water Research 2015, 83, 52-60. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2015.06.017
Liu, C-H.; Wu, J-S.; Chiu, H-C.; Suen, S-Y.; Chu, K.H. Water Research 2007, 41, 1491-1500. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2007.01.023
Panizza, M.; Cerisola, G Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 2010, 638, 236-240. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2009.11.003
Zaneti, R.; Etchepare, R.; Rubio, J. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 2011, 55, 953-959. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2011.05.002
Pinto, A.C.S.; de Barros Grossi, L.; de Melo, R.A.C.; de Assis, T.M.; Ribeiro, V.M.; Amaral, M.C.S.; de Souza Figueiredo, K.C. Journal of Water Process Engineering 2017, 17, 143-148. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2017.03.012
Magnago, R.F.; Berselli, D.; Medeiros, P. Journal of Engineering Science and Technology 2018,13,838-50.
Lee, H.; Shoda, M. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2008, 153, 1314-1319. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.09.097
Golbaz, S.; Jonidi Jafari, A.; Rezaei Kalantari, R. Iranian Journal of Health and Environment 2013, 5, 423-432.
Ghoneim, M.M., El-Desoky, H.S.; Zidan, N.M. Desalination 2011, 274, 22-30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2011.01.062
Karimi, A.; Mahdizadeh, F.; Eskandarian, M. Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly/CICEQ 2012, 18, 89-94. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2298/CICEQ110722050K
Gençten, M.; Özcan, A. Chemosphere 2015, 136, 167-173. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.04.101
Loaiza-Ambuludi, S.; Panizza, M.; Oturan, N.; Özcan, A.; Oturan, M.A. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 2013, 702, 31-36. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2013.05.006
Khataee, A.; Vatanpour, V.; Ghadim, A.A. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2009, 161, 1225-1233. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.04.075
Mohanty, N.R.; Wei, I.W. Hazardous Waste and Hazardous Materials 1993, 10, 171-183. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1089/hwm.1993.10.171
Safarzadeh-Amiri, A.; Bolton, J.R.; Cater, S.R. Journal of Advanced Oxidation Technologies 1996, 1, 18-26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/jaots-1996-0105
Atmaca, E. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2009, 163, 109-114. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.06.067
Nidheesh, P.V.; Gandhimathi, R. Desalination 2012, 299, 1-15.
Rosales, E.; Pazos, M.; Sanroman, M.A. Chemical Engineering & Technology 2012, 35, 609-617. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ceat.201100321
Davarnejad, R.; Sabzehei, M. Separation Science and Technology 2018, 4,1-0.
Zhang, H.; Jin Choi, H.; Canazo, P.; Huang, C.P. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2009, 161, 1306-1312. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.04.126
Virkutyte, J.; Rokhina, E.; Jegatheesan, V. Bioresource Technology 2009, 101, 1440-1446. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2009.10.041
Kabuk, H.A.; ?lhan, F.; Avsar, Y.; Kurt, U.; Apaydin, O.; Gonullu, M.T. CLEAN – Soil, Air, Water 2013, 42, 571-577. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/clen.201300086
Davarnejad, R.; Nikseresht, M. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 2016, 775, 364-373. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2016.06.016
El-Ghenymy, A.; Garcia-Segura, S.; Rodríguez, R.M.; Brillas, E.; El Begrani, M.S.; Abdelouahid, B.A. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2012, 221-222, 288-297. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.04.053
Davarnejad, R.; Mohammadi, M.; Ismail, A.F. Journal of Water Process Engineering 2014, 3, 18-25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2014.08.002
Ghaemi, N.; Zereshki, S.; Heidari, S. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 2017, 111,475-90. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2017.08.011
Körbahti, B.K.; Akta?, N.; Tanyolaç, A. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2007, 148, 83-90. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.02.005
Babuponnusami, A.; Muthukumar, K. Separation and Purification Technology 2012, 98, 130-135. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2012.04.034
Jiang, C-c.; Zhang, J-f. Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE A 2007, 8, 1118-1125. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.2007.A1118
Nidheesh, P.; Gandhimathi, R. Desalination 2012, 299, 1-15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2012.05.011
Mohajeri, S.; Aziz, H.A.; Isa, M.H.; Zahed, M.A.; Adlan, M.N. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2010, 176, 749-758. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.11.099
Badawy, M.I.; Ali, M. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2006, 136, 961-966. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.01.042
Babuponnusami, A.; Muthukumar, K. CLEAN – Soil, Air, Water 2011, 39, 142-147. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/clen.201000072
Buxton, G.V.; Greenstock, C.L.; Helman, W.P.; Ross, A.B. Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data 1998, 17, 513-886. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.555805
Davarnejad, R.; Sahraei, A. Desalination and Water Treatment 2016, 57, 9622-9634. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2015.1030776
Moussavi, G.; Aqanaghad, M. Sustain Environ Res 2015, 25, 249-254. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11609-016-0296-0
He, J.; Yang, X.; Men, B.; Yu, L.; Wang, D. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical 2015, 408, 179-188. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcata.2015.07.030
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
