Insecticidal and repellent effects of Pelargonium graveolens L'Hér., Salvia rosmarinus Spenn., and Mentha × piperita L. essential oils against Dendroctonus mexicanus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29356/jmcs.v70i1.2484Keywords:
Insecticide, repellency, essential oil, bark beetle, AChEAbstract
Abstract. Bark beetles are insects that help regenerate coniferous forests; however, they can become a devastating pest, causing widespread tree mortality. In Mexico, these insects are one of the most important pests. The use of synthetic insecticides has resulted in environmental damage, human health risks, and increased pest resistance. Aromatic plants offer a potential alternative for forest pest management. This study evaluated the insecticidal and repellent activities of essential oils (EOs) from Pelargonium graveolens, Salvia rosmarinus, and Mentha × piperita against Dendroctonus mexicanus. EOs were extracted through steam distillation, identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and tested for bioactivity. The major constituents were citronellol (54.0 %) and trans-menthone (9.9 %) in P. graveolens; 1,8-cineole (32.4 %) and α-pinene (30.7 %) in S. rosmarinus, and menthol (37.4 %) and menthyl acetate (20.1 %) in M. × piperita. The terpene geraniol exhibited the strongest insecticidal effect (LD50= 14.82 µg/insect). P. graveolens EO showed significant repellency at 80 μg/cm2 (50 %). In the acetylcholinesterase inhibition assay, α-pinene showed the most potent effect (IC50=3.49 mg/mL). These findings suggest that the tested EOs are promising natural alternatives to synthetic insecticides for managing D. mexicanus infestations.
Resumen. Los escarabajos descortezadores son insectos que ayudan a la regeneración de bosques de coníferas, sin embargo, pueden convertirse en una plaga devastadora, provocando la mortalidad generalizada de árboles. En México estos insectos son uno de los agentes de disturbio más importantes. El uso de insecticidas sintéticos ha generado daños ambientales, riesgos para la salud humana y aumento de la resistencia de plagas. Las plantas aromáticas ofrecen una alternativa potencial para el manejo de plagas forestales. Este estudio evaluó la actividad insecticida y repelente de los aceites esenciales (AE) de Pelargonium graveolens, Salvia rosmarinus y Mentha × piperita contra Dendroctonus mexicanus. Los AE se extrajeron mediante destilación al vapor, se identificaron por cromatografía de gases-espectrometría de masas y se analizó su bioactividad. Los componentes principales fueron citronelol (54.0 %) y trans-mentona (9.9 %) en el AE de P. graveolens; 1,8-cineol (32.4 %) y α-pineno (30.7 %) en el AE de S. rosmarinus, y mentol (37.4 %) y acetato de mentilo (20.1 %) en el AE de M. × piperita. El terpeno geraniol mostró el efecto insecticida más potente (DL50= 14.82 μg/insecto). El AE de P. graveolens mostró una repelencia significativa a 80 μg/cm² (50 %). En el ensayo de inhibición de la acetilcolinesterasa, el α-pineno mostró el efecto más potente (CI50= 3.49 mg/mL). Estos hallazgos sugieren que los AEs analizados son alternativas naturales prometedoras a los insecticidas sintéticos para el control de infestaciones de D. mexicanus.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Aarón Mendieta-Moctezuma, Luis Mario Ayala-Guerrero, Víctor Eric López y López, Patricia Ibarra-Torres, Petra Andrade-Hoyos, María Berenice González-Maldonado
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