Heat Stress in Different Development Stages of Wheat Modifies the Grain Chemical Composition and Germination Index
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29356/jmcs.v67i3.2050Keywords:
Heat stress, germination, starch, thousand-grain weight, wheatAbstract
Abstract. Climate change is causing increases in temperature in wheat-producing areas of the world. The global warming conditions put wheat production at risk. In wheat, heat stress causes a decrease in the yield due to retarding grain fill time and maturity. This work aimed to evaluate the grain chemical composition of six wheat genotypes subjected to heat stress during the vegetative and reproductive stages and to relate it to germination. Grains of six wheat genotypes were used in this study, cultivated in the Yaqui Valley, Sonora, in December 2020 and January and October 2021. The flour was obtained from whole grains (40 gr of each genotype and each sowing date). Proximal analyses were done following AACC and AOAC methods. Starch content was determined using a commercial kit from Megazyme. Changes in size, shape, and colour were observed in all the seeds progeny of plants under heat stress during the vegetative and reproductive stages. Heat stress during the reproductive stage reduced the thousand-grain weight, total solids, and protein content in the progeny grains but increased the percentage of moisture, ash, total starch, and germination index. Heat stress during the vegetative stage reduced total solids content and increased thousand-grain weight, moisture, and total starch in the progeny grains. The germination index in seeds from plants subjected to heat stress during the reproductive stage was associated with total starch content and a trend to decrease total protein. That association was not found in seeds from plants under heat stress during the vegetative stage.
Resumen. El cambio climático incrementa la temperatura en áreas productoras de trigo y pone en riesgo su producción mundial. En trigo, el estrés por calor disminuye el rendimiento, tiempo de llenado de grano y días de maduración. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar la composición química de los granos de seis genotipos de trigo sometidos a estrés por calor durante las etapas vegetativa y reproductiva y su relación con la germinación. Se utilizaron granos de seis genotipos de trigo, cultivados en el Valle del Yaqui, Sonora, en diciembre 2020, enero y octubre 2021. Se obtuvo harina de granos completos (40 g de grano por genotipo y fecha de siembra). El análisis proximal se determinó siguiendo los métodos de la AACC y AOAC. El contenido de almidón se obtuvo utilizando un kit comercial de Megazyme. Se observaron cambios de tamaño, forma y color en semillas progenie de plantas estresadas en las etapas vegetativa y reproductiva. El estrés por calor en la etapa reproductiva disminuyó el peso de mil granos, los sólidos totales y el índice de germinación. El estrés por calor en la etapa vegetativa redujo el contenido de sólidos totales e incrementó el peso de mil granos, humedad y almidón total en los granos progenie. El índice de germinación se asoció al contenido total de almidón y a la tendencia de disminución en proteína total de las semillas de plantas estresadas en la etapa reproductiva. Esta relación no se encontró en semillas de plantas estresadas durante la etapa vegetativa.
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