Standardization of Phenols and Flavonoids Extraction from Opuntia ficus-indica Mill Cv. Atlixco and Identification by Mass Spectrometry
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29356/jmcs.v64i4.1203Keywords:
TLC, acidic hydrolysis, chromatography, cactus stemAbstract
Abstract. The cactus stem of Atlixco cultivar is consumed for its pharmacological properties and it is marketed not only in Mexico but also in other countries. Despite this, its complete phenolic profile is not known which are recognised as powerful antioxidants. This work aimed to develop a standardised methodology for optimise the conditions for phenolic compounds extraction in the cactus stem of Atlixco cultivar and to identify these compounds using mass spectrometry (MS). Results indicated the following: a) it is recommended to use one unit of freeze-dried cactus stem for every 50 units of solvent. Subsequently, the blend should be eluted with water/methanol/acetonitrile in a ratio of 25:25:50 by the column chromatography technique; b) samples maintained in a reflux system with an acidic medium after two hours of heating at 65°C showed the greatest amount of phenolic compounds by MS, and c) trans-caffeic acid, ferulic acid, kaempferol, quercetin, and isorhamnetin were identified. In conclusion, only some of the phenolic compounds identified in this work had been reported in other cactus stem cultivars.
Resumen. El nopal del cultivar Atlixco se consume por sus propiedades farmacológicas y se comercializa no solo en México sino también en otros países. A pesar de esto, se desconoce su perfil de compuestos fenólicos, los cuales son reconocidos como potentes antioxidantes. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo desarrollar una metodología estandarizada para optimizar las condiciones para la extracción de compuestos fenólicos en el nopal del cultivar Atlixco e identificar estos compuestos usando espectrometría de masas (EM). Los resultados indicaron lo siguiente: a) se recomienda usar una unidad de nopal liofilizado por cada 50 unidades de disolvente. Después la mezcla deberá ser eluida con agua/metanol/acetonitrilo en una proporción de 25:25:50 por la técnica de cromatografía en columna, b) las muestras mantenidas en un medio ácido después de dos horas de calentamiento a 65°C mostraron el mayor número de compuestos fenólicos por EM, y c) se identificaron el ácido trans-cafeico, ácido ferúlico, campferol, quercetina e isoramnetina. En conclusión, solo algunos de los compuestos fenólicos identificados en este trabajo han sido reportados en otros cultivares de nopal.
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